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Nepal
National Parks Information
General
Information
Nepal is a land of extreme contrasts in climate and geography, It
has a unique topography ranging from lowlands with sub-tropical
jungles to arctic conditions in the Himalayan highlands. Within
a mere 150 kilometers the land rises from near sea level in the
south to over 8000 meters in the North. This, together with the
monsoon rainfall along the south facing slopes, has resulted in
compacting virtually all climate zones found on planet Earth. As
a result, Nepal has been endowed with a great diversity of life-zones
providing a home for a large variety of plants, birds and animals.
The Terai lowlands
are defined by a belt of well-watered floodplains stretching from
the Indian border northward to the first slopes of the Bhabhar and
the Siwalik Range. This is the richest habitat in the land with
tall grasslands interspersed with riverine and hardwood sal forest
. Here one can see wildlife such as the swamp deer, musk deer, black
buck, blue bull, the royal Bengal tiger, gharial and marsh mugger
crocodile and the last of a breed of Asiatic wild buffalo. This
area is also rich in birdlife with a variety of babbles and orioles,
koels and drongos, peacocks and floricans, and a multitude of wintering
wildfowl. There are five protected areas in Nepal - Koshi Tappu
and Parsa in the east, Sukla Phanta and Dhorpatan for hunting in
the west and Shivapuri in the. mid-mountain region. The Churia,
also known as the. siwalik, is the southern most range of the Himalaya.
No where do they rise above 1,220 meters, This range is famous for
fossil deposits of Pleistocene mammals, among them 10 species of
elephants, 6 rhinoceros, hippopotamus, saber-toothed cats, various
antelopes and primates such as the orang-utan, long extinct in the
subcontinent, Situated north of the Churia are broad, low valleys
of the inner Terai know as the Doons. These valleys are not unlike
the outer plains with tall elephant grass, swamps and ox-bow lakes
where the last of the one-horned rhinoceros survive. Royal Chitwan
National Park in the Inner Terai of central Nepal is the first and
best protected area in the kingdom. Once one of the most famous
big game hunting areas in Asia. Chitwan now offers protection to
a large array of mammals such as the. one-horned rhinoceros, tiger,
leopard, sloth bear and the gaur (wild bison) as well as more than
400 species of birds.
Higher in the
north between 2000 and 3500 meters lies the Mahabharat Range with
its oak crowned crests. The hills of this midland are covered by
a moist temperate forest of deodar, oak, maple and birch in which
are found deer, ghoral serow, leopard and monkey, The gorgeous multi-colored
lmpeyan pheasant (Nepal's national bird) is also found here with
other endangered birds like the koklas and Cheer Pheasants. Protected
areas in this zone include Khapted National Park in the Far-West,
Dhorpatan Hunting reserve, North-west of Pokhara and Shivapuri Wildlife
Sanctuary near Kathmandu.
Higher still,
nearer the snowline, are the alpine mountain flanks which are the
haunt of snow leopard, which preys on blue sheep and the Himalayan
tahr. Rarely seen are the wolf, black bears and lynx. The Sherpas,
Manabga, and Dolpa-bas are some of those who farm and graze their
livestock on the high mountain pastures. Langtang, Sagarmatha (Everest),
Shey-Phoksundo and Rara National Parks are the protected high altitude
areas of Nepal.
His Majesty's
Government of Nepal has set aside more than 13,000 sq. kms of protected
areas that include as many bio-geographic regions as possible to
assure conservation of the maximum numbers of wildlife species.
These nature sanctuaries attract wildlife enthusiasts and tourists
from all over the world and each park and reserve has its own attraction.
All National
Park and Conservation Area permits can be issued and paid for at
the ACAP office in Thamel, Kathmandu. It is located in the basement
of the Sanchaya Kosh Bhawan shopping centre on Tridevi Marg. Open
9am - 4pm, Monday to Friday. Remember to bring your passport along
with you, as they require your details.
Back
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Langtang
National Park
Introduction:
Situated in the Central Himalaya, Langtang National Park is the
nearest park to Kathmandu. The area extends from 32 km north of
Kathmandu to the Nepal-China (Tibet) border. Langtang was designated
as the first Himalayan National Park in 1970-71, and was gazetted
in March 1976. While the main reason for the park is to preserve
the natural environment, an equally important goal is to allow local
people to follow traditional land use practices that are compatible
with resource protection.
Details
About the Park:
- Langtang
National Park encloses the catchments of two major river systems.
One draining west into the Trisuli River and the other east to
the Sun Koshi River.
- Some of the
best examples of graded climatic conditions in the Central Himalaya
are found here. The complex topography and geology together with
the varied climatic patterns have enabled a wide spectrum of vegetation
types. These include small areas of subtropical forest (below
1000 m) Oaks, chirpine, maple, fir, blue pine, hemlock spruce
and various species of rhododendron make up the main forest species.
Above these alpine scrub and grass give way to rocks and snow.
- The variations
in altitude and topography along with the existing forest cover
(approx. 25% of the total area) provide habitat for a wide range
of animals including wild dog, red panda, pika, muntjac, musk
deer, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan tahr, ghoral, serow, rhesus
monkey and common langur. The Trisuli-Bhote Koshi River forms
an important route for birds on spring and autumn migrations between
India and Tibet.
- About 45
villages are situated within the park boundaries, but are not
under park jurisdiction. In total about 3000 households depend
on park resources, primarily for wood and pasture lands.
- Culturally
the area is mixed, the home of several ethnic groups . The majority
of people are Tamang, an ancient Nepalese race. The Tamangs, traditionally
farmers and cattle breeders, are especially well known for their
weaving. Their religion is related to the Bon and the pre-Buddhist
doctrines of Tibet. Today this religion has merged with the newer
teachings of Tibetan Buddhism.
- The Helambu
area, immediately north of Kathmandu, has many scenic villages
inhabited by Sherpas and Tamangs who emigrated from Tibet.
- Over the
centuries the dependence of people on natural resources has influenced
the environment. Their settlements, cultivation patterns, livestock
grazing, and daily use of resources which, in combination with
the diversity of flora and fauna and views to the Ganesh Himal,
make Langtang an attractive national park.
Seasons:
- From mid-October
to mid-December and from mid-February until mid-April the weather
is usually clear but cold at higher elevations. From mid-April
to mid-June, it is warm but often cloudy with thunder showers,
spring flowers are at their best. Summer monsoon lasts until the
beginning of October. During the winter months daytime temperatures
are low and snow may occur even at low levels.
Tourist Attraction:
- The Langtang
Valley, which is reached from the road end at Dhunche or Sybrubensi,
offers an opportunity to explore villages and gompas (monasteries)
as well as glaciers, with magnificent views of the mountains.
- Permission
from the lamas must be gained before visiting any gompas and a
small donation is expected.
- The Langtang
Valley is the most visited part of the park and for those who
do not wish to camp, accommodation in lodges is available.
- Gosainkunda,
an area of high altitude lakes, is reached either from Dhunche
or from Sundarijal in the eastern part of Kathmandu Valley. Thousands
of Hindu pilgrims visit these lakes during Janai Purnima festivals
in the month of August. Gosainkunda lake is believed to have been
created by Lord Shiva.
- Simple lodging
is now available along the routes from Sundarijal and Dhunche
to Gosainkunda. National Park fuel regulations are strictly enforced
so fuel and camping gear must be carried.
- Outstanding
views to Langtang Lirung (7246 m) , Himal Chuli (7864 m) are visible
from the trail. The route from Dhunche passes a Buddhist monastery,
Sing Gompa.
- An alternative
route from the Langtang Valley to Kathmandu crosses the Ganja
La pass (5106 m) This pass is difficult and dangerous when snow
covered. It is generally open from April to November, but unusual
weather can alter its condition at any time. Essentials for crossing
the Ganja La are a tent, alpine equipment, food and fuel as well
as guide who knows the trail.
- The Helambu
circuit, from Sundarijal to Tharepati, barely enters the national
park but is nevertheless an interesting route passing through
several Bhotia villages and without ascending to more than 3400
m. From this trail it is possible to connect with Gosainkunda
and eastern parts of the park (Panch Pokhari).
How
to Get There:
- Public bus
or taxi reach Dhunche (Park H.Q.) via Trisuli Bazaar from Kathmandu
(approx. 7-8 hrs. ) A seasonal road reaches Syabrubensi.
- Alternative
routes from Kathmandu are public bus to Sundarijal or Melamchighat
. From either point, trek through Helambu to Gosainkunda via Laurebina
pass or cross Ganja La pass (5106m) to reach Langtang Valley .
Important Points:
- Local customs
should be respected and shorts for woman are not acceptable attire.
- Only local
people are allowed to cut limited wood for fuel. Visitors are
required to use kerosene or similar liquid of gas fuel, purchased
in Dhunche or outside the park. Please make sure your porters
also use kerosene.
- Mountain
sickness can affect anyone and must be taken seriously. To allow
your body to become acclimatized to high altitudes, do not ascend
more than 300 m per day above 3000 m.
- There are
no medical facilities in the park. Carry a comprehensive first
aid kit including medicines for intestinal problems and chest
infections.
- Bring sufficient
warm clothing so that you do not have to rely on fires for warmth.
- There is
a park sub-office in Shermathang on the south/eastern boundary
in the Helambu area.
- The Park
has two lodges in Langtang Valley: at Ghora Tabela and Kyanjin.
Both are run on a concession basis.
- There is
a radio at the Park headquarters at Dhunche and at the guard post
in Ghora Tabela. At the Yeti Guest House in Kyanjin Gompa there
is a satellite phone which can be used in an emergency. Helicopter
evacuation is possible, but not reliable, and is only arranged
at the patient's expense.
Entry Fees into
Langtang National Park:
The park Headquarters
is at Dhunche, and a check post at Ghora Tabela. All visitors must
stop at either place to pay an Entrance Fee, and are required to
show your passport.
- National
Park Fees per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 1000
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Be sure to
keep your Entry Permit as it might be checked later by the park
guards.
- Further information
and advice is available at the park HQ. and Entrance Station.
Back
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Sagarmatha
(Everest) National Park
Introduction:
Sagarmatha National
Park covers an area of 1148 square kilometers in the Khumbu region
of Nepal. The Park includes the highest peak in the world. Mt. Sagarmatha
(Everest 8848 m.) and several other well known peaks such as Lhotse,
Cho Oyu, Pumori, Ama Dablam, Thamerku, Kwangde, Kangtaiga and Gyachyung
Kang.
As Mt. Sagarmatha
and the surrounding area is of major significance not only to Nepal
but to the rest of the world, its status as a national park since
1976 is intended to safeguard its unique cultural, physical and
scientific values through positive management based on sound conservation
principles.
Geology:
- According
to the continental-drift theory, the Himalaya were uplifted at
the end of the Mesozoic Era, some 60 millions years ago. The resulting
young mountains of this region are still rising and the net growth
is a few centimeters per century.
Vegetation,
Wild Animals and Birds:
- Vegetation
in the park varies from pine and hemlock forests at lower altitudes,
fir, juniper, birch and rhododendron woods at mid-elevations,
scrub and alpine plant communities higher up and bare rock and
snow above tree line. The famed bloom of rhododendrons occurs
during the spring (April and May) although much of the. flora
is most colorful during the monsoon season (June to August). .
- The wild
animals most likely to be seen in the park are the Himalayan tahr,
goral, serow, musk deer and Himalayan black bear. Other mammals
are weasels, martens. Himalayan mouse hare (Pika), jackals and
langur.
- The park
provides a habit for at least 118 species of birds. The most common
birds to be seen are the Impeyen pheasant (the national bird of
Nepal), blood pheasant, cheer pheasant, jungle crow, red billed
and yellow billed coughs and snow pigeon. Fairly common birds
are the Himalayan griffon, lammergier, snow partridge, skylark
and many others.
Seasons:
- The summer
climate is cool and wet and winter is cold and dry. Almost all
of the annual precipitation, averaging less than 1000 mm, falls
during the summer monsoon, from end of May to September. Climatically,
the best time to visit the park is between October and May, except
for December to February when, daytime temperatures often drop
below 0 C and there is heavy snowfall.
Local Inhabitants:
- The park
is populated by approximately 3000 of the famed Sherpa people,
originating from Tibet in the late 15th or early 16th century
A.D. Their lives are interwoven with the teaching of Buddhism.
The main settlements are Namche Bazaar, Khumjung, Khunde, Thame,
Thyangboche, Pangboche and Phortse. There are also temporary settlements
in the upper valleys where the Sherpas graze their livestock during
the summer season.
- The economy
of the Khumbu Sherpa community has traditionally been agriculture,
livestock herding and trade with Tibet. With the coming of international
mountaineering expeditions in the 1950s, the region also attracted
larger numbers of foreign trekkers. Today the Sherpa economy is
becoming increasingly dependent on tourism.
How to Get There:
- Fly in and
out of Lukla, followed by 15 days walk.
- Bus to Jiri
and trek for 21 days, flying back to Kathmandu from Lukla.
- Fly in and
out of Phaplu and trek for 16 days.
- Fly in to
Tumlingtar from Kathmandu and a 10 day walk to the park.
Important Points:
- There are
trekker lodges with food available in places like Namche Bazaar,
Thyangboche, Pheriche and Lobuche and along most of the main trekking
routes the small villages have basic accomodation.
- There is
the Himalayan Rescue Association (HRA) at Pheriche which has medical
facilities and also accepts credit card as payment.
- The National
Park ranges from 3000 m to 8000 m and above in altitude. Visitors
need to be careful and aware of High Altitude sickness (HAS).
Do not climb to fast or too high in one day, no more than 400
m in a day. Signs of HAS include: headache, difficulty in sleeping,
breathlessness, loss of appetite, nauseousness and general tiredness.
Entry Fees into
Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park:
At Monjo there
is the Sagarmatha National Park enterance station where you will
have to show your passport and pay a National Park fee.
- National
Park fee per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs1000
- Children
under 10 years Free
Back
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Dhorpatan
Hunting Reserve
Introduction:
Dhorpatan Hunting
Reserve lies in Rukum, Myagdi and Baglung Districts in the Dhaulagiri
Himal range in West Nepal. Putha, Churen and Gurja Himal extend
over the northern boundary of the reserve. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
was established in 1983 and was gazetted in 1987. Management objectives
of the reserve allow sports hunting and preserve a representative
high altitude ecosystem in West Nepal
Details About
the Reserve:
- The reserve
extends over an area of 1325 sq. km and is the only hunting reserve
in the country to meet the sports hunting needs of Nepalese and
foreign hunters of blue sheep and other game animals. The higher
elevations remain snow-capped throughout the year. Altitudes vary
from 3000 m. to more than 7000 m. The flat meadows above tree
line (4000 m), locally known as Patan, is divided into six blocks
for hunting management purposes.
- The reserve
is surrounded by villages on all sides except the north. Local
people depend on the reserve to meet their requirements for wood,
fuelwood, fodder, and pasture. The refugee camp near the reserve
headquarters has put more human pressure in the forest. Every
year livestock grazing activities begin from February and last
until October. More than 80,000 livestock enter the reserve.
- The majority
of people belong to the Mongoloid race, including Magar. Thakali,
and Gurung, Amalgamation of different ethnic groups has resulted
in a mixed pattern of cultures.
- Dhorbaraha,
a Hindu religious place on the banks or Uttarganga River near
Dhorpatan, is in Fagune bloc. Every year on the day of "Janai
Purnima" in August, a religious fair is held here which is
attended by many local devotees. The magnificent view of Dhaulagiri
Himal from Barse. Dogari and Gustung blocs are exceptional. Snag
and Sundaha bloc are rich in wild animals.
Vegetation and
Wildlife:
- The reserve
is characterized by alpine, sub-alpine and high temperate vegetation.
Common plant species include fir, pine, birch, rhododendron, hemlock,
oak, juniper and spruce. Pasturelands occupy more than 50% of
the total area of the reserve at higher elevations.
- The reserve
is one of the prime habitats for blue sheep, a highly coveted
trophy. Other animals found are : leopard, goral, serow, Himalayan
tahr, Himalayan black bears, barking deer, wild boar, rhesus macaque,
langur and mouse hare.
- Pheasants
and partridge are common and their viable population in the reserve
permits controlled hunting.
- Endangered
Animals in the reserve include Musk deer, Wolf, Red panda, Cheer
pheasant and Danphe.
- A hunting
license is issued by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife
conservation.
Seasons:
- The monsoon
lasts until the beginning of October. Day time temperatures are
very low during winter due to strong winds. Higher elevations
remain covered by cloud in the morning, later cleared by the wind.
Snow may occur even at low elevation until early April, however,
it soon melts. The best time to visit the reserve is March-April.
How to Get There:
- Public bus
service is available from Kathmandu to Tansen and Tamgash Gulmi
from where the reserve HQ. is a three day walk via Burtibang.
- Flight service
reaches Baglung from Kathmandu and Pokhara. The reserve HQ. can
be reached in 4 days walk from Balewa, Baglung.
- A public
bus can be taken to Baglung from Pokhara followed by a 4 day walk
via Baglung Beni-Darbang-Lumsum and Jaljala to reach Dhorpatan.
- A helicopter
charter may be available on request from Kathmandu.
Some Important
Points:
- Local people
are allowed to collect limited quantities of fuelwood for their
use. Visitors are requested to be self-sufficient with fuel before
entering the reserve. Since no medical facilities are available
in the reserves, it is suggested that visitors carry a comprehensive
first-aid kit including medicines for intestinal disorders. Two
hotels/lodges catering simple Nepali foods are located at Chhyantung
near Dhorpatan.
Entry Fees into
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve:
- Reserve fee
per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years free
Back
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Mustang
Conservation Area
Introduction:
In March 1992,
the 'forbidden' kingdom of Mustang was opened to the outside world.
Now, for the first time in recent history, foreign travelers are
able to visit La Manthang, the seat of an ancient kingdom dating
back to the 15th century. The Kingdom of La is situated along the
north central border of Nepal north of the main range of the Himalaya's
in the upper reaches of Mustang District. Lo and the area directly
to its south, called Baragaon, which both fall within Upper Mustang,
can be claimed as one of the most outstanding areas of the Himalaya.
The people of
Upper Mustang are called Bhotias and those from Lo are called Lobas.
They speak various dialects of Tibetan. Historically, their art
and culture flourished due to contact with traders, monks and religious
masters passing between Tibet and India, or between Ladakh and Bhutan.
The climate
and geography of Upper Mustang are nearly identical to those of
Western Tibet and as such, they are dramatically different from
the temperate and tropical areas of the south side of the Himalayas.
The dry, wind swept ecology of this Trans-Himalayan region is extremely
fragile. Fuel wood is virtually non-existent, water is scare, the
agricultural land yields insufficient food grains and the marginal
and grasslands support only limited numbers of livestock and wildlife.
With the influx of tourists, the already pressured desert environment
risks further degradation.
In addition,
although the culture has flourished in contact with other religious
and cultural centers of the Himalayas, its sudden exposure to other
worlds beyond its high plateau may create a negative impact on the
society.
In order to
keep the destructive environmental and cultural impact of tourism
in Upper Mustang to an absolute minimum, the Ministry of Tourism
has decided to develop the area as a model eco-tourism area.
The Ministry
of Tourism, has proposed that part of the revenue generated from
trekking royalties to Upper Mustang, US$700 (per person) for 10
days and US$70 (per person) for each additional day, be earmarked
for use in UMCDP to sponsor environmental and cultural preservation
efforts and community development works. An Upper Mustang Development
Fund has been established with the financial support of the Ministry
of Tourism and the American Himalayan Foundation, to raise the living
standard of the people living in Upper Mustang area. The main aim
is to carry out development activities in the remotest villages.
UMDP's areas of operations are centered around agriculture, animal
husbandry, health and education.
Back
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Royal
Chitwan National Park
Introduction:
Royal Chitwan
National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation
in South Asia. This is the first national park of Nepal established
in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to
the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km
is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of southern
central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition
in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World
Heritage Site in 1984.
Formerly, the
Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed
as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests
until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a
rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had
approved in principle the creation of Royal Chitwan National Park.
The park consists
of churia hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani
rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150
m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy
most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan
are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the
Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river
and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern
border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.
Vegetation and
Animals:
- The Chitwan
valley is characterized by tropical to subtropical forest. 70%
of park vegetation is predominantly Sal ( Shorea robusta ) forest,
a moist deciduous climax vegetation type of the Terai region.
The remaining vegetation types include grassland (20%), riverine
forest (7%) and Sal with Chirpine ( Pinus roxburghii ) (3%), the
latter occurring at the top of the Churia range. The riverine
forests mainly consists of khair, sissoo and simal. The simal
is with spiny bark when young and develops buttress at the bottom
in older stage. The grasslands form a diverse and complex community
with over 50 species. The Sacchrum species, often called elephant-grass
can reach 8 m in height. The shorter grasses such as Imperata
is useful for thatch roofs.
- There are
more than 43 species of mammals in the park. The park is specially
renowned for the protection of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros,
tiger, gharial crocodile along with many other common species
of wild animals. The estimated population of endangered species
of animals such as gaur, wild elephant, four horned antelope,
striped hyena, pangolin, gangetic dolphin, monitor lizard and
python, etc.
- Some of the
other animals found in the park are samber, chital, hog deer,
barking deer, sloth bear, common leopard, ratel, palm civet, wild
dog, langur, rhesus monkey, etc.
- There are
over 450 species of birds in the park. Among the endangered birds
found in the park are Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser
florican, black stork and white stork, Few of the common birds
seen are peafowl, red jungle fowl, and different species of egrets,
herons, kingfishers, flycatchers and woodpeckers. The best time
for bird watching is March and December.
- More than
45 species of amphibians and reptiles occur in the park and some
of which are marsh mugger crocodile, cobra, green pit viper and
various species of frogs and tortoises.
- The park
is actively engaged in the scientific studies of several species
of wild flora and fauna.
Seasons:
- The park
is under the tropical monsoon climate with relatively high humidity.
The winter, spring and monsoon are the three main seasons. The
cool winter season occurs from October to February. The spring
begins in March and is soon followed by summer that ends in early
June. The summer days are typically hot with 30 C on average day
temperature. The monsoon usually begins at the end of June and
continues until September. The mean annual rainfall is about 2150
mm and during this time of the year rivers are flooded and most
of the roads are virtually closed.
How to Get There:
- The park
is accessible by car or bus on the Kathmandu-Mugling-Narayanghat
Highway and or through Mahendra Rajmarg Highway from Hetauda.
It is about 6 hour's drive from Kathmandu to Narayanghat. Local
buses are available to Tadi Bazar which is about an hour drive
form Narayanghat. A 6 km walk or bullockcart ride brings the visitors
to Sauraha, the park entrance. Also air services from Kathmandu
to Meghauli for US$82 each way and Bharatpur US$65 each way are
available. Local buses are available form Narayanghat to Park
HQ. Kasara.
Park Facilities:
- Display Center,
Kasara
- Library at
Kasara Sauraha
- Visitor Center,
Sauraha
- Machans (View
tower)
Activities:
- Elephant
ride
- Canoeing
- Guided jungle
walk
- Terai culture
- Wildlife
breeding projects
- 4WD safaris
Enrty fees into
Royal Chitwan National Park:
- National
Park entry fee per person per day:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
NAtionals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Elephant
ride for about 2 hrs. - Rs 550 - (Nepali's Rs 100)
- Fishing permit
- Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Camping per
night per person - Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Guided jungle
walk - Rs 250/400 for half day/full day - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Canoeing
- Rs 230 per person
- 4WD safari
- Rs 650 per person
- Gharial crocodile
breeding centre - included in the park entrance fee
- Elephant
breeding centre - included in the park entrance fee
- Lodges offer
all-inclusive packages for 2 to 4 days for those who want everything
pre- organised by the lodge guides.
Back
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Koshi
Tappu Wildlife Reserve
Introduction:
Koshi Tappu
Wildlife Reserve lies on the flood plain of the Sapta-Koshi in Saptri
and Sunsari Districts of eastern Nepal. The area is defined by the
eastern and western embankments of the river.
Koshi Tappu
Reserve, gazetted in 1976, was established mainly to preserve habitat
for the remaining population of wild buffalo in Nepal.
Details About
the Reserve:
- Koshi Tappu
is a rectangular shaped reserve, approximately 10 km wide and
10 km long, stretching northward from the Nepal/India border along
the Sapta Koshi River. The Sapta Koshi is one of the three main
tributaries of the Ganges.
- Because of
its destructiveness during monsoon floods and attempt has been
made to control the waters by constructing 7-10 m high embankments
parallel to the river. These prevent lateral spread of the enormous
monsoon flow. Control gates at the Koshi Barrage on the border
with India act as a dam and also contain the river.
- Rapid and
complete inundation of the reserve to depths ranging from 10 to
300 cm occurs during the monsoon. The river also changes its main
course from one season to another.
- The vegetation
is mainly tall khar-pater grassland with a few pater grassland
with a few patches of khair-sissoo (Acacia catechu-Dalbergia sissoo)
scrub forest and deciduous mixed riverine forest.
- The reserve
offers important habitat for a variety of wildlife. The last surviving
population (about 100 individuals) of wild buffalo or arna (Bubalus
arnee arnee) are found here. They are distinguished from domestic
animals by their much bigger horns. Other mammals occurring here
are hog deer, wild boar, spotted deer and blue bull.
- The reserve
also assists the local economy by providing fishing permits and
allowing the collection of edible fruits and ferns in season.
- A total of
280 different species of birds have been recorded in the reserve.
These include twenty species of ducks, two species of ibises,
many storks, egrets, herons and the endangered swamp partridge
and Bengal florican. The Koshi Barrage is extremely important
as a resting place for migratory birds and many species recorded
there are not seen elsewhere in Nepal.
- The endangered
Gharial crocodile and Gangetic dolphin have been recorded in the
Koshi river.
- Local villagers
are permitted to collect grasses from within the reserve in January
each year. These are used for thatching roofs and building house
walls. Because of intensive agriculture the grasses can no longer
be found outside the reserve. An estimated us $250.00 worth thatch
grass was removed during January 1987.
Tourist Attraction:
- The best
time to visit Koshi Tappu is between October and March when many
migratory and resident birds can be seen at the barrage and on
the main river channel. Several Himalayan peaks including Makalu
(8475 m) the worlds fifth highest mountain, can be seen during
this period of cooler clear weather.
- The trail
along the eastern embankment of the reserve provides places to
observe birds and at dusk and dawn some of the resident animals.
- The government
Hattisar (elephant stable) at Koshi Tappu has the distinction
of biding one of the few facilities in Asia where elephants breed
regularly. His Majesty's Government maintains eight female elephants.
A semi-wild male, named Ganesh Maharaj by locals, frequently visit
and mates with the females, producing a total of nine youngsters
so far. Ganesh Maharaj, named after the Hindu God, is considered
sacred by local people. Visitors can arrange elephant rides into
the reserve from the Reserve Headquarters.
- Baraha Chhetra,
located 5 km north of Chatara, is the site of an annual religious
festival and is sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists.
Seasons:
- The region
of Nepal experiences three distinct seasons. Summer lasting from
February through May is intensely hot with minimal precipitation.
Shade temperatures can reach 40 C. The monsoon commences late
May or early June with frequent and violent thunderstorms. Rainfall
is greatest during July but high humidity and temperatures are
experienced throughout the season. Winter lasts from October through
January with unclouded skies and moderate temperatures.
How to Get There:
- Buses leave
daily from Kathmandu for Kaakar-Bhitta and Biratnagar. Visitors
need to get off just before Laukhi and walk 3 km to the Reserve
Headquarters at Kusaha. The road to Kusaha is marked by a signboard
on the main road.
- Royal Nepal
Airline Corporation also operates a daily air service between
Kathmandu and Biratnagar. Visitors flying to Biratnagar will need
to travel by bus to the reserve entrance shortly after Lauki.
Entry fee into
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve:
The Reserve
Headquarters and entrance building are at Kusaha. All visitors must
stop here to pay an entrance fee.
- Wildlife
Reserve entry fee per person per day:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Elephant
ride per hour - Rs 1000 - (Nepali's Rs 100)
- Fishing permit
- Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Camping per
night per person - Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Motor vehicle
drive - Rs 100
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Entry permits
should be kept in case they need to be checked by the Reserve
Guards.
- A small lodge
at Kusaha is available for use by tourists and there is a small
canteen where snacks and cold drinks can be purchased.
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Shey
Phoksundo National Park
Introduction:
Shey Phoksundo
National Park is situated in the mountain region of Western Nepal,
covering parts of Dolpa and Mugu Districts. Gazetted in 1984, it
is the largest national park in the country with an area of 3555
sq. km. The main objectives of the park are to preserve the unique
trans-Himalayan ecosystem with its typical Tibetan type of flora
and fauna and to protect endangered species such as the snow leopard
and musk deer.
Much of the
park lies north of the Great Himalayan Range. Kanjiroba Himal lies
at the southern edge of the trans-Himalayan region of the Tibetan
plateau. The high Dolpa plateau in the northeast of the park is
drained by the Langu (Namlang) River. The southern catchment of
the park is drained by the Jugdula and Suligad Rivers, which flow
south and drain into the Bheri River. Nepal's second largest lake,
Phoksundo, lies at 3660 m in the upper reaches of Suligad.
Vegetation and
Animals:
- The vegetation
found in the park is diverse due to the influence of two different
micro-climates. The southern river valleys along Suligad contain
luxuriant forests mainly comprising blue pine, spruce, cypress,
poplar, deodar, fir and birch. The Jugdula River valley consists
mostly of Quercus species. The trans-Himalayan area has a near-desert
type vegetation comprising mainly dwarf juniper and caragana shrubs.
- The park
provides prime habitat for snow leopard and blue sheep. The blue
sheep are mainly concentrated around Shey Gomba and Dolpo. Other
common animals found in the park are: goral, Himalayan tahr, serow,
leopard, wolf, jackal, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan weasel,
Himalayan mouse hare, yellow-throated marten and langur and rhesus
monkeys.
- The park
is equally rich in birds. The commonly seen birds are Impeyan
pheasant (danphe), blood pheasant, cheer pheasant, red and yellow-billed
choughs, raven jungle crow, show partridge and many others.
Seasons:
- Spring season
(March-May) usually has fine weather although high passes still
remain covered with the winter snow. Being located behind the
main Himalayan range, the park is little affected by monsoon rain
from June until September and weather usually remains clear. The
alpine flowers are at their best color during the months. The
winter temperatures drop below 0 C. Occasional heavy snowfall
in mid-winter closes the trails for several days.
Local Communities:
- There are
several settlements in the park, totaling an approximate population
of 2000. The peoples lifestyle and culture are still strongly
reminiscent of Tibet. Local inhabitants believe in the Buddhist
religion but the community of Phoksundo area practices Bon, a
pre-Buddhist sect. Almost all villages have their own communal
gompas.
- The local
economy is heavily based on agriculture, growing mainly potatoes,
buckwheat, mustard, beans and some barley. Animal husbandry is
a main source of food and wool for weaving clothes. Trading is
done with Tibet, exchanging food grains for salt and wool.
Tourist Attraction:
- Shey is interesting
for religions and wildlife. Phoksundo Lake also known as Ringmo
Lake, it is the most interesting site of the park. The lake is
drained by a waterfall from a height of nearly 150 m making it
the highest waterfall in the country.
- There are
a few Buddhist monasteries near the lake in Ringmo and Pugmo villages.
How to Get There:
- The easiest
and shortest route to reach the park is to fly to Juphal airstrip
in Dolpa from Nepalgunj or Pokhara. From there, it is an easy
one day walk to reach the park guardpost at Suligad and three
days walk to reach park HQ. at Sumduwa.
- Alternate
routes are to fly to Jumla and trek about 10 days to the Phoksundo
and Shey areas.. An adventurous route begins in Dhorpatan crossing
several high passes before reaching Dunai, the District HQ. of
Dolpa.
Important Points:
- Flora and
fauna are fully protected and must not be disturbed.
- Visitors
should be self-sufficient in fuel supply entering the park. Use
of firewood is strictly prohibited.
- Rubbish must
be buried or disposed of in a designated place.
- Movement
in the park between sunset and sunrise is prohibited.
Entry fees into
Shey Phoksundo National Park:
All visitors
must pay a park entry fee at Ankhe guard post of park HQ.
- Natrional
Park fees per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 1000
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Be sure to
keep your entry permit as it might be checked later by park personnel.
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Parsa
Wildlife Reserve
Introduction:
Parsa
Wildlife Reserve was established in 1984 with an area of 499 sq.
km. It occupies part of Chitwan, Makwanpur, Parsa and Bara Districts
in Central Nepal. The reserve headquarter is situated at Adhabar
on the Hetauda-Birgunj highway (22 km south to Hetauda and 20 km
north to Birgunj).
The dominant
landscape of the reserve are the Churia hills ranging from 750 m
to 950 m, which run east-west. The soil is primarily composed of
gravel and conglomerates making it very susceptible to erosion.
The hills present a very rugged face with numerous gullies and dry
stream beds. As the foothills are very porous, water flows underground
and surfaces at a distance of about 15 km from the hills base.
Vegetation and
Wildlife:
- The forest
is composed of tropical and subtropical forest types with sal
(Shorea robusta) forest constituting 90% of the vegetation. In
the Churia hills chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) grows and along
the streams and river khair (Acacia catechu), sissoo (Dalbergia
sissoo) and silk cotton tree (Bombaxceiba) occur. Sabai grass
(Enlaliopsisbinata), a commercially important grass species, grows
well on the southern face of the Churia hills.
- The reserve
supports a good population of resident wild elephant (Elephas
maxinuts), tiger (Pantheratigris), leopard (Panthera pardus),
sloth bear (Melursus ursinnus), garu (Bos gaurus), blue bull (Boselaphus
tragocamelus) and wild dog (Cuon alpinus). Other common animals
are sambar (Cervus unicolor), chital (Zxis asis), hog deer (Axis
porcinus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac), langur (Presbytes
entellus), rhesus macaques, striped hyena (Hyena hyena), ratel,
palm civet and jungle cat.
- There are
nearly 300 species of birds in the reserve. Giant hornbill, one
of the endangered species, is found in certain forest patches.
Peafowl, red jungle fowl, flycatchers and woodpeckers are a few
of the other common birds found in the reserve.
- Many kinds
of snake like king cobra, common cobra, krait, rat snake and python
are found in the reserve due to the hot tropical climate.
Seasons:
- The reserve
has a subtropical monsoon climate with relatively high humidity.
The main season are winter (October-December), spring (January-March),
summer (April-June) and monsoon (July-September). Summer days
are characteristically hot with average temperatures ranging from
30 - 35 C.
Tourist Attraction:
- Kailash (Bhata)
- a religious place and scenic viewing spot on a hilltop is 29
km away from Adhabar (the Reserve head quarters).
How to Get There:
- The reserve
is accessible by bus via the Kathmandu Birgunj highway or the
Mahendra Rajmarg highway. The reserve headquarters is an 8 hour
drive from Kathmandu. Simara airport is 7 km away from the reserve
headquarters. It takes only 15 minutes to reach Simara from Kathmandu
by plane.
Important
Points:
- Flora and
fauna of the reserve are fully protected and must not be disturbed.
- Rubbish must
be buried or disposed of in a designated place.
- Movement
within the reserve is prohibited before sunrise and after sunset.
Entry fees into
Parsa Wildlife Reserve:
- Wildlife
Reserve entry fee per person per day:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Camping Fee
per night per person - Rs 300 - (Nepali's Rs 20)
- Vehicle Fee
- Rs 100 - (Nepali's Rs100)
- Elephant
ride per hour per person - Rs 650 - (Nepali's Rs 100)
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Rara
National Park
Introduction:
Rara National
Park is located in northwest Nepal about 371 km air distance from
Kathmandu. The park headquarters is about 32 km north to Jumla.
Most of the park including Lake Rara lies in Mugu District, with
a small area in Jumla District of Karnali Zone. This is the smallest
park in Nepal (106 sq. km) with the country's biggest lake (10.8
sq. km) at an elevation of 2990 m. The lake is oval shaped with
an eastwest axis and has a maximum length of 5 km and a width of
3 km. The maximum depth of the lake is 167 m. The park was gazetted
in 1967 to conserve the unique beauty of Lake Rara and to protect
a representative sample of flora and fauna of the Humla-Jumla region.
The elevation
of the park ranges from 1800 m to 4048 m, Chuchemara Lekh is the
highest point. The lake is in a deep basin, the northern and eastern
rims which form part of the park boundary. The lake drains to Mugu
Karnali River via Nija Khola. The lakeside pasture in the south
gives way to the steep slopes of Gurchi Lekh, its crest culminating
at Chuchemara in a horse-shoe shaped opening to the south drained
by the Jiun River. On the west, river valleys cut through a ridge
which form the natural boundary to the park.
Vegetation and
Wildlife:
- The park
contains mainly coniferous forest. The area around the lake is
dominated by blue pine (Pinus excelsa) up to 3200 m, Rhododendron
(Rhododendron arboretum), black juniper (Juniperus wallichiana),
west Himalayan spruce (picea smithina), oak (Quercus semecarpefolia)
and Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa) are other species.
Above this elevation the vegetation is replaced by a mixed coniferous
forest of pine, spruce and fir. At about 3350 m pine and spruce
give way to fir, oak and birch forest. Other deciduous tree species
found in the park are Indian horse-chestnut (Aesculus indica),
walnut (Junglans regia) and Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliata).
- A small portion
of the park serves as an ideal habitat for musk deer. Himalayan
black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), leopard (Panthera pardus),
musk deer (Moschus moschiferous), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), jackal
(Canis aureus), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), yellow
throated marten (Martes flavigula), wild dog (Cuon alpinus), wild
boar (Sus scrofa), common langur (Presbytes entillus), rhesus
macaque (Macaca mulatta) and common otter (Lutra lutra) are other
species found in the park. The resident Gallinaceous birds and
migrant waterfowls are of interest to park visitors. Coots (Fulica
atra) are plentiful in the lake, many staying year-round. Great-crested
grebe (Podiceps cristatus), black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis),
red-crested pochard (Netta rufina), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos),
common teal (Anas crecca), merganser (Mergus merganser) and gulls
are seen during winter. Other common birds in the park are snow
cock (Tetraogallus himalayenis), chukor partridge (Alectoris chukor),
Impeyan pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus), kalij pheasant (Lophura
leuco elana) and blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus).
Seasons:
- Summer is
pleasant, however, the winter brings cold temperatures and heavy
snowfall (up to one meter). The best time to visit is October
to December or March to May. The winter is quite severe with ground
frost occurring from October.
- December
through March is the time of snowfall with the temperature dropping
to below freezing point. High passes remain closed by heavy snowfall
during this time. The month of April brings the warmer weather
and monsoon season is June to August.
Local Settlements:
- There are
no settlements inside the park. Residents of two villages, Rara
and Chhapru, were moved out in 1976 and resettle in Bardia District.
Villages around the park are Jyari, Pina, Topla, Tuma, Ruma and
Murma. The local economy is based on agriculture, primarily potatoes,
buckwheat, beans, barley and wheat. Hindus dominate the community
composition.
Tourist Attraction:
- Lake Rara
is the most beautiful and interesting site in the park. Bird lovers
enjoy winter with the migratory birds. Hundreds of varieties of
ground flowers form a colorful carpet in summer. Conventional
currents do not allow the lake to freeze in winter. Chuchemara
Peak (4048 m) on the southern side of lake presents a magnificent
scene with the gleaming blue water within a basin of well forested
hills. Other summits are Ruma Kand (3731 m) and Malika Kand (3444
m) to the north of the lake. From these peaks one can enjoy the
view of the lake, peaks to the south and beautiful Mugu Karnali
River valley to the north.
How to Get There:
- Rara National
Park can be visited either from Jumla (2.5 days trek) or from
Surkhet (10 days trek).
Important Points:
- Flora and
fauna are fully protected and must not be disturbed.
- Visitors
entering the park should be self-sufficient in fuel supply (kerosene).
Use of firewood is strictly prohibited.
- Camping inside
the park except in designated areas is strictly prohibited.
- Movement
inside the park before sunrise and after sunset is prohibited.
Entry fees into
Rara National Park:
All visitors
must pay a park entry fee at Bhulbhule guard post or at park HQ
- National
Park fees per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 1000
- Children
below 10 years Free
- Be sure to
keep your entry ticket with you as it might be checked by the
park personnel.
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Royal
Bardia National Park
Introduction:
Covering an
area of 968 sq. km, Royal Bardia National Park is situated in the
mid-Far Western Terai, east of the Karnali River. Originally
set aside in 1968 as a Royal Hunting Reserve, the area was gazetted
in 1967 as Royal Karnali Wildlife Reserve with an area of 368 sq.
km. It was renamed as Royal Bardia Wildlife Reserve in 1982 and
extended to include the Babai River valley in 1984. National Park
status was gazetted in 1988. The main objectives of the park are
to conserve a representative ecosystem of the mid-Western Terai,
particularly the tiger ad its prey species.
Details About
the Park:
- Royal Bardia
National Park is the largest and most undisturbed wilderness area
in the Terai, providing excellent habitat for the following endangered
species:
- ENDANGERED
ANIMALS : Rhinoceros , Wild elephant , Tiger , Swamp deer , Black
buck , Gharial crocodile , Marsh mugger crocodile , Gangetic dolphin.
- ENDANGERED
BIRDS : Bengal florican , Sliver-eared mesia , Sarus crane , Lesser
florican.
- More than
30 different mammals, over 250 species of birds and many snakes,
lizards and fish have been recorded in the park's forests, grasslands
and river habitats. The more commonly seen are:
- MAMMALS:
Langur monkey, Rhesus monkey, Common leopard, Jungle cat, Fishing
cat, Large and small Indian civets, Palm civet, Hyena, Wild dog,
Jackal, Sloth bear, Otter, Porcupine, Bandicoots, Blue bull (Nilgi),
Sambar deer, Hog deer, Barking deer and Wild boar.
- BIRDS : Flycatchers
, Babblers , Sunbirds, Drongols (7 species), Eurasian thicknee
ruddy , Shelduck, Warblers, Bulbuls (5 species), Woodpeckers (
10 species), Barbets (4 species), Bee-eaters (4 species), Kingfishers
(4 species), Parakeets (4 species), Doves (5 species), Pigeons
(3 species), Red-wattled lapwing, Common peafowl, Red jungle fowl
, Merganser duck, Black-necked stork, White-necked stork, Painted
stork, Egrets (4 species), Herons (5 species) and Cormorants.
- The Geruwa,
a branch of the Karnali River, forms the park's western boundary,
while the crest of the Churia range (Siwalik Hills) demarcates
the northern limits. Along the southern edge a forest road forms
the boundary, in the east it is formed by the Nepalgunj-Surkhet
road. Part of the very scenic Babair River valley is included
within the park. The approximately 1500 people who lived in this
valley have been resettled else where in Bardia District. Since
agriculture increased in the Babai valley, the regeneration of
natural vegetation is increasing rapidly, making it an area of
prime habitat for wildlife.
- About 70%
of the park is covered dominantly with sal (Shorea robusta) forest
with the balance of mixture of grassland, savanna and riverine
forest. The altitudes vary from 152 meters on the Terai to 1441
meters at Sukarmala on the crest of the Churia range.
Seasons:
- As with the
rest of Nepal the park's climate is affected by the summer monsoon.
The best times to visit are between October and early April when
weather is warm and dry. From April onwards the temperatures rise,
peaking at around 45 C in May and pre-monsoon thunderstorms continue
until late September. During this time most roads and rivers become
impassable.
Tourist Attractions:
- Within the
park are several open grassland areas (phanta) where game viewing
is excellent. Blackbuck, found in a wild state only in Bardia,
are frequently seen in Khairi Panditpur about 30 km south-east
of the park HQ. Many forest roads throughout the park also offer
excellent game viewing.
- The great
one-horned rhinoceros was reintroduced to Bardia from Royal Chitwan
National Park in 1986. Indications of the success of this translocation
became obvious when a rhino calf was born early in 1988. The rhino's
are usually seen in the western part of the park. In 1991, 25
great one-horned rhinos were also translocated to Babai valley
from Royal Chitwan National Park.
- The Karnali
River, one of Nepal's largest, borders the western edge of the
park, providing excellent fishing for mahseer, a large game fish.
The endangered Gangetic dolphin is also frequently seen.
- Sukarmala,
the highest point on the crest of the Churia range, can be reached
on foot from Karnali, Chisapani or Khairbhatti. From here there
are excellent views north toward the Surkhet valley and south
over the Terai. Another high point, Telpani, can be reached from
Danawatal.
How to Get There:
- The park
can only be entered by road. There are regular flights from Kathmandu
to Nepalgunj. Nepalgunj, from where public buses serve the far
Western Terai. To reach the park headquarters at Thakurdwara,
it is necessary to alight at Motipur and walk 8 km north of Lihalpur
on the Nepalgunj-Surkhet road and drive west along the fair weather
road inside the park to reach Thakurdwara. This usually takes
3-4 hrs. by 4 WD vehicle. The Mahendra Rajmarg is the main highway
which crosses the park.
Important Points:
- As there
are no medical facilities so it is advisable to carry a comprehensive
first aid kit including medicines for intestinal problems. There
is a radio at the park headquarters for use in emergencies.
- If you are
travelling by your own vehicle make sure that you have ample amount
of fuel, as there are no filling stations in the park area.
- Tourist accommodation
within the park is at a tented camp on the banks of the Karnali
River, although it is not cheap, the price includes all activities
and meals. There are also lodges just outside the park at Chitkaiya,
near the park HQ.
Entry fees into
Royal Bardia National Park:
The park HQ.
is at Tharkurdwara. There is also a sub-headquarters at the eastern
entrance to the park at East Chisapani. All visitors entering the
park must stop and pay an entrance fee.
- National
Park fees per person per day:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years Free
- Be sure to
keep your permit as it might be checked later by park guards.
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Khaptad
(Baba) National Park
Introduction:
Khaptad National
Park is located in the mid-mountain region of Far-Western Nepal
at an air distance of 446 km from Kathmandu. The core area is situated
at the cross point of Bajhang, Bajura, Doti and Achham Districts
of Seti Zone. The Park HQ. at Khaptad is about 50 km and 32 km walking
distance respectively from Silgadhi town (Doti) and Chainpur town
(Bajhang).
The park covers
a unique ecosystem of the mid-mountain region of Western Nepal and
is situated at around 3000 m elevation. The upland is a rolling
plateau with grasslands intermixed with oak and coniferous forests.
The summer is
cool and wet, whereas, the winter is cold and dry. The monsoon begins
in June and ends in September with rainfall averaging less than
1000 mm. Occasional snowfall in winter with chilling wind is another
characteristic.
Vegetation and
Wildlife:
- There is
a great variety of vegetation type ranging from sub-tropical forest
in the lower altitudes (Jhingrana and Chaikot of Dopti) to temperate
forests on the Khaptad plateau. The most common tree species are
chirpine (Pinus roxburghii), spruce (Picea smithiana), fir (Abies
spectabilis), maple (Acer pictum), birch (Betula utilis), alder
(Alnus nepalensis) and rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.). Dense
bamboo stands (nigalo) and wide varieties of medicinal herbs occur
in the park.
- The most
common fauna in the park are leopard (Panthera pards), Himalayan
yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), Himalayan black bear
(Sus scrofa), jackal (Canis aureus), musk deer (Mochus moschiferus),
goral (nemorhaedus goral), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus),
wolf (Canis lupus) and common langur (Presbytis entellus).
- The common
bird species include the Impeyan pheasant (danphe), Nepal's national
bird (Lophophorus impejanus), chukor partridge (Alectoris graeca),
Kalij pheasant (Lophuralleucomelana), Monal (Tragopan satyara),
red and yellow-billed blue magpie (Cissa erythrorhyncapa &
c. flavirostris), nutcracker (Nucifraga caryooatactes), flycatchers
(Muscicapa & Muscicapella spp.), thrushes (Garrulax spp. &
Zoothera spp.), Himalayan griffin ( Gyps himalayansis), cuckoos
(Cuculus spp.), forktails (Enicurus spp.), tits (Parus spp.),
wagtails (motacilla spp.) and eagles (Aquila spp.). A wide variety
of colorful butterflies, moths and insects are also important
features of the Khaptad ecosystem.
Seasons:
- Climatically
the best times to visit the park are during spring (March-May)
and autumn (October-November). The temperature during these times
range from 10 - 20 C.
Religious Zone:
- A meditation
zone has been set aside at the core of the park, containing religious
sites and the ashram of Khapatad Swami, a renowned spiritual saint.
The important religious sites are Tribeni, Sahashra Linga and
the ashram. The religious center is considered as a place for
meditation and tranquillity. Therefore, smoking, chewing tobacco
and consumption of alcohol is prohibited. Similarly slaughtering
of animal or killing any animals or birds are also prohibited.
How to Get There:
- Plane flight
to Bajhang (Chainpur) from either Kathmandu, Nepalgunj, or Dhangadhi
followed by a two-day walk.
- Plane flight
to Doti (Dipaya) from places mentioned above, and a three-day
walk.
- Plane flight
to Bajura (Kolti) from above mentioned places and a four-day walk.
- Plane flight
to Accham (Sanphebagar) from above places and a two-day walk.
- There is
a fair weather motorable road from Dhangadhi to Dipayal via Bhasu
Lekh. From Dipayal is a three-day walk to reach the park HQ. at
Khaptad.
Important Points:
- No one should
walk within the park after sunset or before sunrise.
- No one should
stay overnight or use alcoholic beverages, eat meat, smoke or
violate the peace of the meditation area in any way.
- Flora fauna
of the park are fully protected and must not be disturbed.
- Visitors
should be self-sufficient in every way, especially in fuel, before
entering the park.
- Rubbish should
be buried or disposed of in designate places.
- Trekking
in Khaptad National Park is very interesting. Porters are usually
available at the trek starting points with some exceptions. Trekkers
should be self-sufficient with tents, fuel and food as there are
no commercial lodges available inside the park.
Entry fees into
Khaptad National Park:
An entry fee
as per park rules should be paid at the entrance gates.
- National
Park fees per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 1000
- Children
under 10 years Free
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Royal
Suklaphant Wildlife Reserve
Introduction:
The Royal Suklaphanta
Wildlife Reserve is situated in the southern part of Far-West Nepal
in Kanchanpur District. The reserve lies between 80o 25' east longitude
and 28o 35' north latitude.
The reserve
had been a famous hunting area for many years and was declared a
Royal Hunting Reserve in 1969. The reserve was gazetted in 1973
as Royal Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. It began as an area of 155
sq. km, today the reserve covers an area of 305 sq. m after completion
of an extension.
The riverine
flood plain of the reserve comprises of hill wash and alluvial deposits.
Sal (Shorea robusta) is the dominant tree species. Extensive grasslands
(locally called phanta) provide an ideal habitat for swamp deer
(Cervus duvauceli). The species is endangered and there is a population
of about 2000 in the reserve.
Seasons:
- The reserve
has typically four seasons, winter, spring, summer and monsoon.
The months of December and January are fairly cold and misty with
occasional frost. Temperatures during the winter range from 10
to 12 C, gradually rising up to 22 to 25 C in February and March.
In the pre-monsoon period (April-June) the temperatures range
form 30 to 32 C and sometimes reaching as high as 42 C with increasing
humidity.
Vegetation and
Wild Animals:
- Predominant
sal (Shorea robusta) forest is associated with asna (Terminalia
alata), semal (Bombaxceiba), and karma (Adina Cordifolia). Khair,
(Acacia catechu) and sissoo (Dolbergia sisso) forest is found
along the river side. The main grass species of the phantas are
Imperata cylindrica and Saccharum heteropogon which are extensively
used by the local people for thatching.
- The reserve
provides prime habitat for swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli). An estimated
population of 2000 is found in the reserve. Other wild animals
in the reserve are wild elephant (Elephas maximus), tiger (Panthera
tigris), hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus), blue bull (Boselaphus
tragocamelus), leopard (Panthera pardus), chital (Zxis axis),
hog deer (Zxis porcinus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa).
- A total 268
species of birds has been recorded in the reserve. Many grassland
birds along with the rare Bengal florican can be seen in the phantas.
Marsh mugger crocodile, Indian python, monitor lizard and snakes
like cobra, krait and rat snake have been recorded in the reserve.
Tourist Attraction:
- The extensive
open grasslands of Suklaphanta are worth visiting for a breathtaking
view of the largest herd of swamp deer in the world and other
grassland birds including Bengal florican.
- Wetlands
such as Ranital, Sikarital and others in the extension area like
Kalikitch Lake, Lalpanital and Taratal, support a healthy population
of many kinds of waterfowl, reptiles and other wildlife.
- Ranital,
18 km. from the reserve HQ., is a beautiful lake for viewing waterfowl,
with machans (viewing towers).
How to Get There:
- The reserve
is accessible by road as well as by air. The reserve will be easily
accessible by road from any parts of Nepal with the completion
of the far-western sector of East-West Highway. There is once
a week flight from Kathmandu to Dhangadhi which is 51 km. far
from the park headquarters. There is regular public bus service
from Dhangadhi to Mahendranagar taking 3 hours drive and the reserve
headquarters is 8 km south-west of Mahendranagar. The reserve
can be reached by East-West Highway through Nepalgunj-Dhangadhi-Mahendranagar.
Important Points:
- Movement
inside the reserve is restricted between sunrise and sunset.
- Flora and
fauna are totally protected and must not be disturbed.
- Rubbish must
be either carried away or disposed in a designated place.
- Do carry
a comprehensive first aid kit with you, including medicines for
intestinal problems.
- A small information
center is maintained at the reserve HQ at Majhgaon.
Entry Fees into
Royal Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve:
- Entry fees
per person per day:
- For Nepali
Nationals Rs 20
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 500
- Children
under 10 years free.
- Camping in
comfortable tents - US$175 per person, including all meals, wildlife
drives and walks. Visit to local Tharu villages can also be arranged.
- For vehicle
Fee - Rs 2000
- Elephant
ride per hour per person - Rs 1000
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Makalu-Barun
National Park and Conservation Area
Introduction:
High in the
heart of the eastern Himalayan, seven valleys radiate from Mt. Makalu,
the world's fifth highest peak. These valleys, particularly the
Barun valley, treasure some of the last remaining pristine forest
and alpine meadows of Nepal. From the bottom of the Arun valley,
at just 435 m above sea level, the Himalayas rise to the snow-capped
tip of Makalu 8463 m within a 40 km distance. Within this wide range
of altitudes and climates, the Makalu-Barun area contains some of
the richest and most diverse pockets of plants and animals in Nepal,
elsewhere lost to spreading human habitation.
Nestled in the
lower reaches of these valleys are communities of Rai, Sherpa, and
Shingsawa (Bhotia) farmers. Though economically poor and isolated,
they retain a rich cultural heritage. They hold the key to the preservation
of the unique biological and cultural treasures of the Makalu-Barun
area.
The Makalu-Barun
National Park and Conservation Area was established in 1992 as Nepal's
eighth national park and the first to include and adjacent inhabited
conservation area as a buffer. A new park management approach encourages
local people to become actively involved in protecting the forests
and natural resources upon which their lives depend, and in conserving
their own rich cultural heritage. Traditional resource management
systems, such as community controlled grazing and forest guardianship,
are being strengthened and low level technologies introduced where
appropriate. Working in collaboration with an American NGO, Woodlands
Mountain Institute, His Majesty's Government, Nepal is striving
to improve local living standards through infrastructure, educational
and income-generating activities.
Covering 2330
sq. km Makalu-Barun is a vital component of the greater Mount Everest
ecosystem which includes Nepal's 1,148 sq. km Sagarmatha (Mount
Everest) National Park to the west and the 35000 sq. km Comolangma
Nature Preserve in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north.
Details About
the Park:
- Most of the
Makalu-Barun National Park is a remote wildness, with just two
small settlements and seasonal herding in high pastures. Historically,
few foreigners have visited the area except for the occasional
climbing expedition.
- The incredibly
steep topography and abundant monsoon rains (1000 to 4000 mm per
year) of the eastern Himalayan support unusually diverse bioclimatic
zones and a rich storehouse of medicinal and useful plants. Alpine
pastures above 4000 m contain the religiously important dwarf
rhododendron and juniper, aromatic herbs and delicate wildflowers,
including 47 different varieties of orchids. Subalpine forests
of fir, birch and rhododendron, and temperate stands of oak, maple
and magnolia thrive between 2-4000 m. Luxuriant orchids drape
the chestnut and pine forests of the subtropical zone (1-2000
m) and sal forests reach their northernmost limit within Nepal
along the banks of the Arun (below 1000 m).
- The park
has 400 species of birds, including the spotted wren babbler and
the olive ground warbler. These two species have never been seen
in Nepal before.
- There are
many wild animals including the endangered red panda, Himalayan
black bear and the clouded leopard. Other wildlife found in the
park are: ghoral, tahr, wild boar, barking deer, Himalayan marmot
and weasel, common langur monkey and the serow.
- The Arun
River gushing through the park has around 84 varieties of fish
including salmon.
Strict Nature
Reserve:
- The inaccessible
lower Barun valley, a glacier-fed tributary to the Arun river,
and its tributary the Saldima, flow through the most pristine
area in the Park and thus have been designated as a Strict Nature
Reserve, the first in Nepal. Here natural ecosystems and processes
will be protected in an undisturbed state for scientific study,
environmental monitoring, education, and the maintenance of genetic
resources.
The Conservation
Area:
- Some 32,000
people of ethnically divers backgrounds live in the Conservation
Area. The majority belong to various tribes of Rais and practice
an ancient religion which reinforces harmony with nature. Shingsawas
and Sherpas. Bhotia people originally from Tibet, live at higher
elevations and carry on Buddhist traditions. A handful of other
hill tribes including Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Newar, Brahmins,
Chhetris and occupational castes live in the lower elevations.
- These people
live in isolated villages much as they have for centuries. As
farmers, herders and seasonal traders, their livelihoods depend
heavily upon forest resources for animal fodder, fuel, food, housing
materials, fertilizers, medicine and other creative uses, clothing
spun from allo (nettles), paper made form lokta (daphne bark)
and countless items made from bamboo including furniture, containers,
baskets, musical instruments, raincoats, and aqueducts.
How to Get There:
- Fly from
Kathmandu to either Lukla, Phaplu, Lamidanda, Bhojpur and Tumlingtar
airstrips, and then trek to reach the park.
Entry fees into
Makalu Barun National Park and Conservation Area:
- National
Park entry fees per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 100
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 1000
- Children
under 10 years Free
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The
Annapurna Conservation Area
Introduction:
The area has
been a smash hit in the world of conservation. Perhaps this is the
area that pioneered a successful conservation without armed personnel.
With the help of the local people, this highland could be well protected.
With a trekking circuit from mid hills to the foothills of the Himalayas
- Annapurna region covers an area of 7629 sq. km. Beginning from
790 m, the highest altitude reaches 8091 m of the Mountain Annapurna
1. This is the most visited trekking area in the mountain region.
More than 60000 visitors every year.
Annapurna Conservation
Area Project (ACAP) has been running it's programs in the area with
an aim to conserve nature and it's local community. (For more information
visit our ACAP page)
Vegetation and
Wild Animals:
- The Annapurna
Conservation Area offers innumerable sights of water falls, mountains,
natural flowers and rural settlements. If you trek from the west
you will be travelling along the Kali Gandaki River.
- Apart from
natural sights, the area is rich with flora and fauna. There are
above 1200 plants with around 40 orchids and 9 species of rhododendron
- the national flower. There are around 100 mammals including
the rare snow leopard and blue sheep in the upper sub-alpine area,
478 species of birds such as the protected multi-coloured Impheyan,
koklas and blood pheasants. 39 reptiles and 22 amphibians and
many types of butterflies in the area.
Tourist Attraction:
- Reaching
beyond the Himalayas, both on foot or by flight, this is one of
the most fascinating expereince while trekking in the Annapurna
Circuit.
- Trekkers
beginning their adventure either from the west or east starting
point, reach behind Mt. Nilgiri as they near Jomsom, the District
Headquarters of Mustang.
- While you
celebrate your victory for having reached behind the Himalayas
you can see the above 8000 m mountains like Dhaulagiri standing
right infront of you.
- Ghandruk
will be your first expereince where you will see the locals have
conserved ecology and at the same time have earned their livelihood
through tourism.
- Past Ghandruk
you will reach Ghorepani from where you can sight a panoramic
view of the Annapurna ranges to the north on top of Poon Hill.
- Descending
from Ghorepani, as you go towards the north, you reach Tatopani
where there are natural hot water springs, that offer an excellent
place to relax and bathe.
- As you proceed
further towards Jomsom you reach a place called Kalapani. From
here is where Mt. Dhaulagiri stands on the same ground you are
standing on!
- Jomsom is
a popular place for visitors where you experience many cultural
sights. Annapurna region has around 120000 human population from
10 different ethnic cast groups.
- For more
nature and cultural sightseeing go towards the north at Kagbeni,
where you can continue onto explore the Upper Mustang - the once
forbidden Kingdom. Or trek towards the Muktinath Temple, the Hindu
pilgrimage at the height of almost 4000 m. Further ahead is the
Thorung La Pass at an altitude of 5410 m. If you want to climb
over the pass it is better to do it from the east side, going
around the circuit anti-clockwise, makes climbing the pass alot
easier
How to Get There:
- The Area
is easily accessed from Pokhara. A three hour bus drive to Beni
in the west and start trekking into the area, or a one hour bus
drive to Besi Sahar in the east to start the Annapurna Circuit
trek. A one hour bus drive to Naya Pul (Birethanti) to start the
trek to Annapurna Base Camp or Jomsom, or fly to Jomsom from Pokhara
and trek back down.
Important Points:
- There are
many small lodges/teahouses along the way which will provide food,
drinks and accomodation.
- Government
regulations prohibits lighting camfires in the conservation area.
You need to carry kerosene and sufficient warm clothing.
- Visitors
should carry out what they carry in. Place rubbish designated
palces.
- The flora
and fauna in the area are fully protected. They should not be
disturbed.
- Do not wear
revealing clothing.
- Respect
privacy. Ask before photographing people or religious sites.
Entry fees into
the Annapurna Conservation Area:
- Conservation
Area fees per person per entry.
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 2000
- Children
under 10 years Free
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Manasalu
Conservation Area
Introduction:
This is yet
another conservation area in the mountain region. Bordering the
Annapurna Conservation Area to the west and Tibetan Plateau on the
north and the east, the Manasalu region lies in Gorkha District
to the west of Kathmandu.
Basically a trekking area, the regions altitude rises from a mere
600 m to 8163 m, the summit of Mt. Manasalu - the eighth highest
peak in the world.
To make conservation
a success story the government has joined hands with the King Mahendra
Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC) and the Asian Development
Bank. The Manasalu Eco-Tourism Development Project has been on in
the region since 1997.
The projects
main objective is to deliver tangible benefits from tourism to the
local community while minimizing adverse environmental impacts through
the development of eco-tourism.
The project
has proposed seven Village Development Committees, totaling an area
of 1663 sq. km in the Manasalu region, to be turned into a conservation
area within five years.
Tourist
Attraction:
- The area
offers a classic setting for trekkers. Visitors here will have
the opportunity to experience both nature and culture that would
have otherwise disappeared had there been no conservation efforts.
- The region
is full of pristine nature beckoning trekkers to explore more
of it. The trekking route in the region follows the Budi Gandaki
River before reaching the Larke Pass (5106 m) and crossing over
into the Manang District of the Annapurna Conservation Area.
- As trekkers
trudge through the rugged terrain, they can see the towering snow
covered mountains to the north.
- The region
harbors a mosaic of habitats for 29 species of mammals, including
the rare snow leopard, musk deer and the Himalayan Tahr.
- There are
over 20 species of birds and three species of reptiles. What provides
cover to these fauna is over 200 species of plants, 11 types of
forests, and over 50 species of useful plants.
- More than
7000 people live in the seven V.D.C's in the area. The major ethnic
group, the Gurungs, has been a strong attachment towards its traditional
Tibetan Culture Heritage.
- Monasteries
and chhortens dot the trekking route. These are the places where
festivals and traditional dances take place.
After visiting the area, if visitors wish to extend their trek
they can easily do so by reaching the Annapurna region in the
neighborhood.
How to Get There:
- Trekking
to the Manasalu region generally starts from Arughat, between
Gorkha and Dhading.
- Arughat can
be reached by bus from Kathmandu. This is also where an information
center of the Manasalu Eco-Tourism Project is located. The head
office of the project is located ion the Park V.D.C of the Manasalu
Conservation Area.
- Another starting
point to the area is Daraundi in Gorkha from where you will have
to hike to Sirdiwas reaching the normal trekking trail.
Important Points:
- Like in any
protected areas, the flora and fauna in the conservation area
is fully protected.
- Visitors
should be equipped with camping gear and fuel supply.
- Carry rubbish
away with you or put in designated area.
Entry fee into
Manasalu Conservation Area:
- Conservation
Area entry fee per person per entry
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 2000
- Children
under 10 years Free
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Kanchanjunga
Conservation Area
Introduction:
Just below the
looming Mountain Kanchanjunga (8586 m), lies the Kanchanjunga Conservation
Area. Spread in an area of 2035 sq. km, the area is made up of alpine
grass lands, rocky outcrops, dense temperate and sub-tropical forests,
and low river valleys with the Kanchanjunga as its crown.
Situated in
north eastern Nepal in Taplejung District, the conservation area
is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region-China in the north, Sikkim-India
in the east and Sankhuwasabha District in the west.
In 1998, the
Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and WWF Program
together launched the Kanchanjunga Conservation Area Project to
implement biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
Details about
the Conservation Area:
- The Kanchanjunga
Conservation Area can be synonymized as a repository of flora
and fauna.
- During the
spring season, the area has an excellent display of flowering
rhododendrons, orchids, lilies, primula and many other flowers.
- The lowlands
are full of tropical hardwoods. These get replaced by oaks and
pine as the elevation increases. Further higher is the vegetation
including larch, fir and juniper up to the tree line.
- The conservation
area is where you will see 15 of Nepal's 28 endemic flowering
plants. Almost all the 30 kinds of rhododendron species are found
here. This is also the area where you get to see 69 of the 250
orchids found in Nepal.
- Kanchanjunga
Conservation Area harbors rich diversity of wildlife including
the endangered snow leopard, Himalayan black bear, musk deer,
and red panda. Other animals in the area include the blue sheep,
and many others.
- Impheyan
pheasant, red-billed blue magpie, shy drongo are some of the many
birds found in the area.
- The conservation
area has a lot of ethnic diversity and culture. As the original
settlers of the Upper Tamur Valley, the Limbu are the dominant
ethnic group in the lower regions. The Sherpa/Lama people are
in the higher altitude where they arrived from Tibet more than
four hundred years ago.
- These Sherpas
have a distinct culture and tradition from those in the Solukhumbu
District in the Sagarmatha Region. Also Rais, chhetris, Brahmins
and others live in Kanchanjunga.
- Monasteries,
chhortens, temples, prayer-walls are the icons of the conservation
area's cultural heritage.
Tourist Attraction:
- For an excellent
view of the Mountain Kanchanjunga, you should reach the North
base camp where a place called Bangpema is the excellent point
for observation of the mountain.
- To make a
circular trek you will have to pass through the Celele Pass at
an altitude of about 4000 m to drop to Tseram from where you head
toward the South base camp, another excellent observation point
of Mt. Kanchanjunga. On the way back, you will have to pas through
Yamphudiun village to reach Sukheter from where you can fly to
Biretnagar.
How to Get There:
- You can reach
the conservation area by bus through Dharan. From here you will
have to walk to Kunsa inside the conservation area.
- Royal Nepal
Airlines has its morning flights everyday between Birantnagar
and Sukhetar. And there are everyday flights between Kathmandu
and Birantnagar. Some private airlines operate from Kathmandu
to Sukhetar.
- Another way
to get to Kanchangunga Conservation Area is Birtamod in eastern
Jhapa District. From Birtamod and travel by local bus to Taplejung
Bazaar, this road is seasonable though.
Important Points:
- To get a
permit to this conservation area you need to be pert of an organized
trekking group.
- Visitors
should be equipped with camping gear and fuel supply.
- Carry out
non-biodegradable items and dispose in a designated area.
- Flora and
fauna in the park is fully protected, do not disturb them.
- Do not buy
anything made from wildlife products.
Entry fees into
Kanchanjunga Conservation Area:
- Conservation
Area entry fee per person per entry:
- For Nepali
Nationals Free
- For SAARC
Nationals Rs 200
- For Foreign
Nationals Rs 2000
- Children
under 10 years Free
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